Let's head back up to the sky and talk about how terrifying and dangerous clouds are! After a little bit of cloud background info, Farz tells us two terrifying stories. First, the story of William Rankin, "The Man Who Rode the Thunder," who hung in the air for 35 minutes after ejecting from his plane. He basically was IN a cloud, lightning, rain, and more. Then, Farz tells us about Delta Flight 191 which crashed in Dallas in 1985. A convective storm cell caused a 'microburst' that caused the plane to miss the landing and crash onto a highway. Anyway, also Taylor is flying a bit this week! Probably fine!
Let's head back up to the sky and talk about how terrifying and dangerous clouds are! After a little bit of cloud background info, Farz tells us two terrifying stories. First, the story of William Rankin, "The Man Who Rode the Thunder," who hung in the air for 35 minutes after ejecting from his plane. He basically was IN a cloud, lightning, rain, and more. Then, Farz tells us about Delta Flight 191 which crashed in Dallas in 1985. A convective storm cell caused a 'microburst' that caused the plane to miss the landing and crash onto a highway.
Anyway, also Taylor is flying a bit this week! Probably fine!
The Man Who Rode the Thunder: Rankin, William H.: 9780135482711: Amazon.com: Books
Hi Friends! Our transcripts aren't perfect, but I wanted to make sure you had something - if you'd like an edited transcript, I'd be happy to prioritize one for you - please email doomedtofailpod@gmail.com - Thanks! - Taylor
[Music] in a matter of the people of the State of California versus orthal James Simpson case number ba09 and so my
fellow Americans ask not what your country can
do for you ask what you can do for your sweet and we are reporting hello hello
Taylor how are you doing good how are you I'm seeing I'm seeing you from a different angle I really look like
you're wearing horns it looks cool right yeah see see he love it um yeah yeah
it's uh it's going to be an interesting uh couple of weeks I think because it is completely iced over here in Austin I
woke up and my little cowboy pool was rock solid ice um oh my God yeah I went
out there with a hatch and started chopping the ice on the top layer so that it hopefully doesn't freeze all the
way down because if it freeze all the way down then it's going to blow out all the filter Motors and stuff like that so
do you have like a thing when I lived in Illinois as a child we had a um like a
above ground pool and you put like a big like blow up pillow in the middle of it
and that like that will take the pressure off of like the stuff I never heard of that um I do think that after
finish we finish recording I'm going to go out there and put a bunch of stuff like towels and stuff around the hoses
just to make sure that they don't get frozen but it is cold it's like what is it it was like 19° this morning um so
yeah just waiting for the moment when our power grid goes out so TBD yep that that'll happen um well there's Cowboy
pools.com that can help you but um I uh I was just had a wonderful weekend
with a bunch of like I went to that Retreat and it was really nice but a lot of the women were from the Midwest and now they're all getting home and texting
pictures and in Kansas City it feels like negative 21 I yeah I was watching I
was watching the um Kansas City the Chiefs and the Dolphins game and looking at head coach of the Chiefs Andy Reeds
mustache at the end of the game was incredible oh my God there's all these videos of people taking like bottles of
water out of the refrigerator refrigerators of the stadium and then they just hold it up and it just freezes
like in real time in front of them oh my God I'm it's like 45 degrees here and I am freezing my butt off so yeah yeah
yeah um Good Luck so yeah that's uh where we are we go ahead and hop right
into it I think today is your turn to go first right thought it was you but I could be wrong
no it's me no it's you because you did Shumacher and then I I did mes okay cool
well um oh yeah I need to introduce us so this is Doom def fail I'm fars joined
here by Taylor we're gonna cover some topics that are fun sometimes gory
sometimes interesting no always interesting always interesting always
interesting good job yes thank you for correcting me um and today per usual I pi kind of like an odd nebulous not
totally obvious topic today I want to instill in our
listeners I wrote down I want to instill on our readers obviously it was multitasking when I drafted that part of
the outline I want to instill on our listeners an unhealthy fear of one of the prettiest and fluffiest things in
the world can you guess what it could be is a puppy you love puppies I do love
puppies no it is clouds great yes yes so I'm going to
discuss some Cloud science for those who are looking for an exciting and fun
afternoon and then discuss a few high-profile and terrifying cases of
when clouds were our worst enemies and not our best friends as we are prone to think oh my God I can't wait I'm really
excited I'm going on a plane tomorrow also so I hope that this will sear me this is horrible timing for this
conversation everything's fine go ahead tell me about clouds I can't wait let's get into it so there are 10 types of
clouds that are broken up into three broad categories and most of how they're broken up is dependent on how high they
are in the sky essentially so super high clouds are generally not dense looking
and they're kind of wispy think of like Microsoft 95 background that's one category super high so tall wispy not
really a threat don't really do anything then you have midlevel clouds and these
are basically medium density they're usually a little bit darker towards the center and they have more of like an Amorphis kind of shape to them again
there's subcategories of all these but just broadly speaking that's kind of midlevel is another version then you
have the oh [ __ ] clouds which are considered the low-level clouds and
those are the ones where all the horrible things end up happening inside of and happen to us down on earth oh my
God the scariest of these types of clouds is What's called the co cumul
cumulon nimbus cloud and those are the two things that I thought I knew cumulus
and Nimbus there you go there you go so so I'm gonna I'm gonna probably abbreviate this to CB because saying C
libus is kind of hard for me my tongue doesn't really work that way um but they're also known as CB clouds so I'm
going to refer them as CBS so these are the terrifying ones so this is the one that you would associate with
thunderstorms lightning hail tornadoes and a phenomenon I'd actually never heard before called a thunder
snow you know what I have heard of that because they had them when I was in New York and I was like what the [ __ ] is a
thunder snow I remember I feel like I was one of the first things I ever tweeted was like what the [ __ ] is a thunder snow because it was like
thunderstorming and snowing and terrifying yeah and then there's lightning it's like it's like crazy like
oh God all of those are things that happen within CB clouds like this Cloud type and so they are huge by Nature so
these can generally vary somewhere between 7 as high up as 700 feet from the ground all all the way up to about
69 70,000 ft up in the air okay and they can be tens of miles wide so 40 miles 50
miles somewhere around there so these things are huge and when they roll over your city you should be inside for most
of it I read a ton of stuff on how these are formed and I honestly don't
understand any of it it's just a lot of topics around pressures and water Vapors
and updrafts and down drafts and air circulation all this different kind of stuff that it's just like I don't I'm
not a meteorologist I'm I'm not a scientist I don't know how they I don't know how it works I I don't get it so
I'm just going to focus mostly on why they're horrific through the explanation of well examples of stories of what's
happened to people when they've been inside these things I love it so there
is two concepts I'm going to touch on that happen within CB clouds one is called Cloud
suck which isn't good he kind of
sucks Zinger got it in so this a cloud Su is when the air
inside of a cloud Rises to the top due to the turbulence inside that cloud due to just again barometric pressure like a
whole host of Sci things I don't totally understand and for a human to be inside
a cloud suck is really really bad given the fact that the concept of gravity doesn't really apply to you when you're
inside of one of these things and add to the fact that while you're inside one of these things you are subject to
lightning hail torrential rain freezing temperatures all the rest of it but you
might be asking yourself fars why would a human ever be stuck in
something that's 30 to 50,000 feet high in the air like one of these CV clouds that's probably what you're asking
yourself super Superman Maybe this I have an argument against flying
as a superpower because it's cold as [ __ ] and it sounds awful but yeah but I don't think you get cold if you're
Superman does Superman get cold
um I don't know but then does it get hot because then you you you'd have to walk
around wearing layers otherwise people like oh there's one human in New York
City who can walk around without he has to act like one of us right I don't know
what's an airplane far is isn't it an airplane no so I well sort of yes kind
of almost you you're almost there so one way that you could end up in this
situation is if your name is Colonel William Ranken and you are flying a
fighter jet while trying to go over a CB Cloud so got it we're going to talk
about his story as it relates to the concept of cloud suck so on July 26th
1959 r L was flying his f8 fighter jet which I know I'm talking about 1959 but
I actually read up on these things and this is not like some weird you know right Brothers type plane it looks like
a modern fighter jet it is a Jet Plane it's it's a little stubbier looking than
a modern fighter jet but this thing still has a max max speed of 1100 miles hour and a survey ceiling of 59,000 ft
so like again no slouch I know it's old but it's like it looks like a modern fighter plane this
essentially and what ranking was about to do actually isn't stupid as I go through and describe it you just had
really really bad luck so he was flying from South wayth Massachusetts to Buford
South Carolina which is about a thousand miles away which he could have done within an hour to two hours not not that
big of a deal fairly rudimentary flight during his flight uh and directly in his
way was one of the CB clouds that was around 47,000 ft High we know this
because spoiler alert Ranken is going to survive this experience and he will have a picture perfect memory of all of his
instrument readings except oddly enough his oil pressure reading for some reason but but we'll get we'll get over that he
knows for a fact that at 47,000 feet is when he realized things were going AR so he was probably higher than 47,000 feet
because the plane was climbing so what he was doing was trying to go over the cloud he didn't want to go through it
because everybody knew at that point that going through these things was horribly horribly dangerous his idea was I'll go over it he a 47,000 ft shouldn't
have been a problem because his service ceiling was 59,000 ft so he starts going over the cloud
when all of a sudden his engine sputters out and he's like oh [ __ ] what am I going to do now uh ordinarily this
wouldn't be a problem because these planes are made to Glide like you know not like a glider would but you can
still Glide down you don't have to like you know think you're [ __ ] when you're 47,000 ft the reason why why he kind of
was [ __ ] was because his fire engine warning sound came on and he was like oh
this thing is on fire and probably about to get consumed by fire and so he did the only thing he really could do which
was he reached down and pulled his ejection seat and went out the top of this thing at 47,000 feet high directly
over a CB Cloud he was not wearing a press dry suit and he was traveling at around 630
miles per hour when he ejected god um he wrote a book after this experience called the man who rode the
Thunder and I read through it and read his description of what this experience was like he described it as hitting a
wall at 630 miles per hour because that's basically what he was doing um
and on top of that he talks about the cold outside so what he was saying was that inside his cold super cold he went
from he went from 75 degrees inside the cabin to70 degrees outside plus the
tremendous win rushing past him all that stuff he described the cold that's almost feeling like burning like it kind
of it makes me think of dry ice like when if you've ever picked up dry ice which I did as a child because I thought
I don't know what I thought yeah um but the one good thing was that it was so blisteringly cold and he was going so
fast that his body basically went numb from the cold like he basically felt like he was burning off all the zerve
endings and so he he went he went numb for the most part as he starts descending into the cloud he realized
that he wasn't wearing his oxygen mask it was aware that he would lose Consciousness pretty soon which meant that his parachute on his ejection seat
is set to deploy at 10,000 feet that's the time that it was supposed to happen but he was like well what if something
goes wrong I'm gonna be blacked out if I don't get my oxygen mask on so this he talks about like this is like a page and
a half of the book about how much energy and force it took for him to be able to move his hands close enough to his face
to like get this thing strapped on because he was just being spun in all different directions he's finally able
to do it and it was at that point that he starts noticing that there's blood Point all around his face so his eyes
nose and ears were all free all bleeding and he they were freezing all the blow
was freezing on his face immediately and all this was due to the explosive decompression so
because he wasn't wear a pressure suit his eyes almost blew out of his skull
from the pressure yeah this is like the Arnold Schwarzenegger oh love that in Total Recall toal recall yeah yeah so he
continues to freef fall and starts doing some rough calculations on when his shoot should automatically open in his
writing he bounces back and forth between confidence in his training and his equipment and that abject fear that
he should just open the shoot manually his problem was that his oxygen tank really only had about five to six
minutes worth of oxygen in it so if he opens a shoot too soon then he'll be oxy
and probably brain dead by the time he lands if he doesn't die of freezing cold before then anyways oh my God so he
recalls eventually searching for the ring to pull the uh pull the shoot open manually and then right as he was about
to the shoot opened on its own and that was a relief he was like great so I'm at 10,000 feet everything's fine I should
be going in for landing here soon he was not at 10,000 ft what yeah so the
release mechanism for the parachute is not based on height the sh does shoot doesn't understand how high you are it's
based on barometric pressures so the lower you are the higher the pressure is because you're closer you're getting to atmospheric pressure and so that
triggers a mechanism when the shoot to open but in a CV Cloud you can't really trust the pressure readings because
10,000 feet in one of these clouds could be 20 30 50,000 feet barometric pressure
um that that it would be on the ground essentially so that's what happened to this guy so we don't know how high he
was when the Shoot actually opened we just know that he definitely was not Landing anytime soon he was in the
middle of the cloud and in the middle of the worst weather inside the cloud so he was surrounded by thunderstorms and
lightning and what he would talk about was even when his eyes were closed he could literally see lightning directly in front of him and he said it was a lot
different than what you see like on the ground so in the ground you know you see lightning just it's just like little shards that are going down the down to
the Earth in this case he was talking about how it looked like he's like two to four foot long blue sheets directly
in front of him that would sometimes wrap all the way around him instead of shooting all the way down to the
ground so I went on like a weird little side quest about how this could happen
and you not automatically die and apparently the reason you die when you get hit by lightning on the ground is
because a Lightning goes through you because it's trying to hit the ground it's you're the conduit to the ground
for it uhuh but apparently if you're in the air lighting doesn't hurt you it like wraps around you like it just goes
around you and it's not a big deal it's really strange like I never knew that but apparently that's like why when
planes get struck by lightning nothing happens because the lightning just goes around them because they doesn't have a
reason to go through it wow kind of weird right yeah so he described the
feeling of the Thunder and what that was doing to him and this one I really resonate with reminded me of the one and only time I went to a shooting range and
I was in the basement of this building inside like an entirely cement line building and it's funny because when you're there and you hear the gunshots
going off thing that you freaks you out is not the sound of The Gunshot it's the
fact that it just shakes your inside it's like it just Quakes everything inside of you you're like holy [ __ ] and
that's what he was describing he was like I didn't hear the thunder I felt it it was like inside my bones it was inside my body which is absolutely
terrifying to think of in the book he mentioned that in the middle of all this he hadn't even
thought to look at his watch but by the time he did he realized it had been 20 minutes since he ejected again he had he
had a picturesque memory of every one of his instrument readings he ejected at around 600 p.m. local time it had been
it was 6:20 and he was like I'm still not on the ground it's been 20 minutes I should have been on the ground by now God what um what what time of year was
it like was it light out or was it dark uh it would have been so it would it
should have been light out but he was inside the middle of it which was dark right right okay okay but there's like
but like technically if it got out of the cloud it would be light yeah it would have been it would have been yeah
he mentioned that he mentioned that when he was inside of it he was like the only like thing was like with the light lightning hit the only good part about
the lightning hitting was actually him being able to know like his orientation because it was just pitch black
inside absolutely terrifying so scary yeah so I did I did some rough math and
terminal velocity for most humans is around 120 miles per hour so by all
accounts between ejecting at 47,000 ft and accounting for let's say a descent
from 10,000 ft with a parachute shoot he should have been on the ground within 10 minutes so it should have been 10 minutes from rejection to being on the
ground he was at 20 minutes and he was just about to get the roller coaster of
of all this started um 20 more minutes will have passed of him being sucked up and down inside this Cloud again it he's
being pushed back up he's not actually descending and one of the things that he mentioned
was it was also in the middle of like all this torrential rain he literally thought to himself I'm going I'm going to drown like he oh my God would he he
plays out this scenario in his mind he was like this is going to be incredible I'm going to land probably somewhere on a tree dead and when they do my autopsy
they're going to find that my lungs are full of water and I'm like how on Earth is this even possible like how could this possibly happen it was it was
interesting that he just played all this stuff out but about around 6:40 or so so
40 minutes from ejection until um until he actually looks down and sees green
underneath to your point it was daytime out so you can actually see what was going on underneath him and so that's when he kind of yeah that's when he came
out of the clear covering and he realized that he was going to be on land which he was then found and immediately rescued he would become the first person
in human history to have gone through a fall of a CB cloud and survived there's
actually only two in history the other one happened in 2007 there's a woman named IA
Wisa and she would had the exact same experience where she was a paraglider and got trapped in the up updraft of one
of these clouds she would end up going about 37 miles from her original Point that's how far this thing dragged her um
and her experience was also heroy although she didn't write a book about it and so there's like not a ton of stuff I could research about her case
and so that's why I went with um rankins story so that is a hellish nightmarish
situation that was totally not of his own creating and um wouldn't wish on anybody but that's not the only one the
other one I want to talk about the other situation here that has to do with clouds has to do with what's called a
Micro Burst or a down burst depending on your Source you know what this is nope scared though not not scared but I okay
so the I remember this story so I want to talk about this okay let me actually
to get into it so basically a Micro Burst is just assume you're in like a cloud and then all of a sudden from
above you there's this huge rush of air that just goes straight to the ground and then dissipates once it hits ground
crazy fast like 150 miles per wind that just come straight down completely out of nowhere and again parametric pressure
whatever there's a whole host of reasons why this happens the problem with these is that it's it can happen almost
instantly and without notice or without warning so think about a plane flying through the air through one of these clouds in in most cases it's really not
a big deal because yes it hits the plane the plane will jostle will experience turbulence and it'll just keep on going
the problem is if you are taking off or Landing you might be so close the ground
that when you get pushed down you could hit the ground or when the Micro Burst hits the ground and then shoots back up
then that turbulence can cause you to crash so you really don't want to be stuck in one of these things and now
science has gotten pretty good at detecting the atmospheric situations and conditions where these could occur and
so we're getting a lot better with this stuff now but I'm going to go through a discussion of a time when we weren't
really good at this it also reminded me Taylor of this one flight I was flying from Miami back home to Dallas and we
were taking off in the middle of a thunderstorm and I could feel the I was I've never been wor scared of my entire
life I was like this is the worst idea Poss like I was like dude I will pay you [ __ ] 10 times whatever this airfare
is just land the thing like we will all pay you every like everyone on the plane was screaming they were crying like it
was God it was an absolute nightmare like I I've never really like prayed for my life before and I started praying
it's like I'm literally going to die like this is going to be the end of us and it made me think of this situation because I learned about a case where
that happened upon approach and it ended in horrible horrible tragedy which we're
going to discuss here in a moment so forever ago I learned about this one
flight that was coming into DFW for some reason Dallas Fort Worth airport has a
ton of accidents like I don't know it's because the the weather in Dallas is [ __ ] crazy I was there remember when
I got stuck there cuz there was like all of a sudden there was a tornado and then all of a sudden there was like a thing and then my boss and my cooworker their
flights left and I was like I'm bummed that my flight's canceled but also I don't want to leav in this you know like I don't know but they're leaving it all
the time it's very I mean the weather's just [ __ ] crazy in Dallas there's hail like out of nowhere it's that and I
also think it has something to do with the fact that it's like wide open PL land you know like there's not anything
that really breaks when you drive up to DFW Airport like you're not around buildings at all like Dallas proper is
like 20 30 miles away from BFW airport and so if winds are going to pick up they
can pick up momentum a ton over there and so I don't know it's just like a lot of stories I was reading about this
stuff was like and then the plane crash to Dallas and then the plane crash on approach from Dallas
and a lot of you know it's a high number of planes going out Dallas so that's
true it's it's actually the central hub for um American Airlines and so that's the biggest airline in the world so like
it kind of all makes sense but still it is terrifying and it made me think of it because I used to fly from LA to Dallas
all the time and this one story came up and was like oh this is a doomsday worst case scenario so let's go let's go into
it this was actually not American all this was a Delta flight it was Delta flight 191 and this was an accident that
happened on August 2nd 1985 so this plane was carrying about 152 people plus
11 crew that included a captain first officer and a flight engineer and they were all super super experienced that's
one thing about this story that's like horrific is like nobody did anything wrong everything went perfectly fine and
every [ __ ] died worst Cas so this flight was um it
took off out of Fort Lauderdale and it was scheduled to fly into DFW for a layover before it was going to continue
on its way to LAX airport and they reached around New Orleans when they noticed a very large storm cell directly
in front of them they appropriately asked air traffic to Route them around storm But ultimately as they got closer
to DFW they were basically forced to go into the storm cell um to be able to get
to approach position for DFW uhhuh at around 6:04 PM it's interesting because
the other one was at 6 PM the ranking story weird all happened at 6 so anyways at around 6:04 p.m. they were about a
th000 feet above the runway on approach and basically you could hear the captain
in the first officer on The Voice Recorder struggling to keep the plane afat they don't offer much detail other
than frenetic requests to like hey SPO the engines up point the nose up like
it's stuff like that like you don't really know what's going on like it doesn't give you any details all you know is that like for whatever reason they're doing a smooth approach and then
all of a sudden they're freaking out and trying to trying to increase throttle what what air traffic control saw from
the tower was the plane overshot the runway slammed into the ground and then
kept going forward was in one piece and it kept going forward towards the highway that off the side of DFW airport
and it would eventually break up on the on the highway as it was hitting signs and cars it would eventually kill one
guy 28-year-old Nam William mberry who was in his car when the left engine landed on him oh my God what a [ __ ]
way to go what a nightmare so out of the 163 people that
were on board 137 of them were killed and then the one guy William was killed on the ground
so8 I'm looking at a diagram where you can talk about you should have sat in the back in this one so here's the thing
I've looked at a ton of these diagrams there actually is no secret because it depends on what the accident is like
what I mean you could never have guessed that it would have been a crash on the freeway you know that was like yeah like how do you plan for
that there's also a huge plane and there's a smoking section you
jealous yeah I think I would enjoy flying a lot more if I could smoke also my life iJoy a lot more if I could smoke
and it wouldn't kill me so get on that science yeah get on it so the N NTSB
would investigate and like that's the thing like realistically nobody did anything wrong what happened was upon
approach there was a Micro Burst that showed up out of nowhere it hit the plane smashed to the ground and caused
enough turbulence where where they couldn't sustain um lift anymore and it
just crashed the ground it was literally yeah like there was no no reason for this to happen except
except happen stance and that's why these things were so dangerous now like I said they do have Doppler sonar on
plane so they have like a better idea of when a Micro Burst could potentially hit but like still that's not great like
it's not like a rock SC Rock Solid science on that um the good thing to knowe is that there's actually only been
two filal plane crashes caused by Micro Burst when the planes were at cruising altitude all the other crashes were on
approach or Landing so if you get through the takeoff and Landing you're good like once the plan's in the air
you're usually good I know I know unless you're that MH flight whatever that Malaysian Airlines flight
which also I think went through a CV cloud and was torn to pieces I forgot what the story was with that one do you recall wait the big Malaysia Airline
flight yeah they don't know what happened MH370
yeah like I watched the um the documentary and it doesn't seem like anyone knows what
happened murder suicide by the pilot there's also like potentially um
hypoxia I feel like they might have gotten shot down by accident yeah yeah it could be it too
you know so yeah okay I guess I guess that was
one of the you know what I'm remembering like an old old memory of when this first happened and they were like oh it was probably just it probably went
through a CD cloud and got torn to pieces and did cenate and somebody there's like memes happening of like okay new fear unlocked a plane can just
disintegrate in the middle of the air yeah I mean that that can happen well
great yeah that's my story that's really scary yeah we just bought tickets we're
going to go to Japan for two weeks in April no way that's so cool I'm really excited but I'm scared because it's a
10- hour flight I'm gonna have to get like some very serious knockout juice drugs and just wake up in Japan that'll
be so much fun everybody everybody I know who's been to Japan has said that it's probably the best place I've ever visited I'm really excited it's just
we've always wanted to do it so we're going to do it just me and one whoa and the kids are going to your mom um his
parents are going to come and they're going to take them to yosity for a week cuz it's spring break and then hang out with them for a week so super lucky yeah
nice very cool yeah cool if I survive if I survive my flight tomorrow wait that's you're going to
you're going to the Bay Area tomorrow yeah okay yeah you'll be fine be fine when does anything bad happen Landing in
the Bay Area except that as flight yeah I don't know we'll see um sweet well
that's crazy those that that was super fun um I can't I can't believe that um
that William Ranken I saw he died in 2009 good for him yeah yeah he lived a really good long life yeah um his book
is pretty fun it's worth reading the man that wrote The Thunder fun yeah yeah it's he is so much better at describing
the experience that I am um and so yeah if you can if you can find it so like a big chunk of it is for free you can find
it for free on on Amazon um like 20 30 pages of the entire experience from when he ejected until when he hit the ground
so like that's probably the best part anyways so yeah worth the worth a search worth a read
cool uh do we have any listener mail that we want to call out nope nothing no
but you know you always can email us dun topot gmail.com find us on the social
tell your friends so we can get more listeners and get advertisers and get
famous yeah please and if you have an unhealthy fear of clouds write to us and love us
yeah clouds I don't I don't 100% want your bad turbulence stories but you can send them fars can read them yes I will
gladly read it sweet we'll go ahead and cut things off Taylor thanks that was scary thank you yeah absolutely and I'll
see you in a little bit [Music]
cool